Boys Will Be Men, Girls Will Be Mothers: The Legal Regulation of Childhood in Toronto and Vancouver
- The ideas about childhood are tied closely with family and sexuality
- Middle-class individuals fell into the stereotypical roles that were given to them
- Paper focuses on Ontario and British Columbia
- It was deviant when the parents weren’t “breadwinners and full-time homemakers” because it meant they weren’t supporting their family like they should be
- Children grew up seeing that their fathers went to work and their mothers stayed at home and did the housely duties
- “By the late nineteenth century, although many middle-class children experienced childhood as a stage of dependency, most of their working-class counterparts did not. Despite factory acts, many children continued to labor in the unregulated areas of agriculture, domestic service, mining, retail shops, and street trading” (Chunn, p. 191).
- There was a difference in delinquency between boys and girls
- “One of the most striking characteristics of the transition from laissez-state to welfare state in Western market societies was the increasing hegemony of the bourgeois family pattern within all social strata” (Chunn, p. 200).
- Children when to school to learn their respective roles that they must comply to when they have their own families.
- Deviant parents created children that were deviant
- Deviant children were getting in trouble with authorities
Women Teachers in Canada
- Discusses how the female teachers of this time taught the children
- In 1881 most of the teachers were under the age of 29 years old, some even as young as 17
- Most of the teachers during these 1800’s to the early 1900’s were females
- At the national level, female teacher’s earnings were only approximately half of what a male teach was getting
- Although the average wage for female teachers in Canada were relatively close to female teachers in other places
- Female teaches had a relatively high paying job